WORK WITH THE READING that cursive writing is faster than printing-an O A. Read the article and gather information about how important it is to Supporters of learning both forms maintain advantage when composing papers or taking write by hand. notes. Brian Palmer, writing in the online magazine Slate, states that cultures have favored Two Styles of Writing connected script throughout time, and writers will often develop their own distinctive methods of linking letters so as to take advantage of the shape of the letters, Tor $mO|e$ , in orde the faster means of forming words. These to produce a "d" that is distinct from a .h. individual scripts can be problematic for readers, Likewise, they must judge how much pressure however, so teachers advocate the use of a Many people find typing a useful alternative. to apply so as to avoid poking $1oles$ $\pi ne$ in the standard script so as to better ensure legibility. 10 In addition, even with instruction, children paper or accidentally tearing it. must 6 Furthermore, because cursive writing is highly and adults do not always develop legible learn to move their hands and not smudge individualistic, it is used as a means to establish their work while writing. Also, they need to identity. Analysts can use handwritten documents handwriting, Some people prefer to print and can actually attain writing speeds comparable keep the words in a straight line and pay to determine whether two samples of writing to those of people writing in cursive. Many attention to how the letters are placed with most likely came from the same person or not. people find typing a useful alternative and respect to one another. For example, the stem This is useful to historians who find unsigned have increased their speed so that they can of a "b" rises, while the stem of a "p" falls. papers or to police looking at evidence. take notes comfortably on a computer. Writers 3 Educators also employ tactile1 $anC$ Yet another reason for continuing to themselves have a responsibility to their a child learning to write kinesthetic? methods to help young children teach cursive writing is that it is part of our readers to produce clear texts by printing or What does it mean to learn a language? learn to form their letters. Children may trace culture and, therefore, valuable to link us typing their words if their writing is illegible. Of course, we need to produce the sounds letters on sandpaper to stimulate nerve to our past. Indeed, cursive writing is often 11 Options also exist for using handwriting as that make up words, put words together into endings in their fingers. Similarly, they may seen as a more mature type of writing. a means of identification. Instead of asking meaningful units, and understand others who use their whole arm and shoulder to write and if we want to continue to read historic for a signature, a legal paper could carry a speak to us. To be literate, we also need to read giant letters in the sand or on big pieces of documents that predate the printing press, thumbprint or a fingerprint. Some people we will almost certainly need to continue might choose to learn to read and write in and write. We should be able to write the letters paper. Using these large muscle groups helps to teach children this form of writing. cursive much like some people learn to make of the alphabet, but with all the other parts of to establish important nerve connections 8 Those who disagree with continuing to clothes, speak Latin, or build houses. These the language that need to be practiced, is it between the muscles and the brain. teach this form are not opposed to cursive people could be called on to use their skills important to learn two ways to write them? 4 With so many subjects competing for writing in itself. They contend that not when an old document needs to be read 2 Educators have long seen the connection attention, some parents and teachers have everyone needs to be proficient in this skill or when a special document is created. between learning to read and learning to write raised questions about how worthwhile it and that there are other solutions to the 12 No one seems to be suggesting that we stop the letters that make up words. In one study, is to teach children both to print, to form problems cursive writing addresses. teaching children to write by hand. After all, adults who learned to write a new alphabet with letters in much the same way as they are 9 First of all, the neurological benefits of even if we had the technology to replace writing. paper and pencil were better able to recognize seen in books, and to write in cursive, a learning to write are developed both with technology sometimes fails or is unavailable. As and remember letters than their counterparts, Kind of writing that connects the letters of a printing and with cursive writing. As long with any skill, handwriting needs to be practiced, who only studied the printed letters but did not word together. Is it worth the time spent on as we continue to have children write with and schools are under pressure to have time try to form them. In addition, children develop learning both forms, or is it enough to learn their hands, or do other skills with their to practice many different skills. The question fine motor skills and control when learning Just to print, leaving more time for other hands that involve fine motor control, we lies in whether we want to take the time and to write by hand. They $vs$ pay attention to subjects, such as reading $Orcom\square $ skills! will continue to build nerve connections. make the effort to teach children a second. related, form of writing, What do you think? These benefits do not change. I tactile: related to touch

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21. 밑줄 친 "Garbage in, garbage out"이 다음 글에서 의미하는 23. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 바로 가장 적절한 것은? In the twelfth to thirteenth centuries there appeared the first Many companies confuse activities and results. As a manuals teaching "table manners" to the offspring of aristocrats. consequence, they make the mistake of designing a process It was a genre that subsequently had a great success in the that sets out milestones in the form of activities that must be early modern period with The Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione, carried out during the sales cycle. Salespeople have a genius The Galateo by Monsignor Della Casa, and many others for doing what's compensated rather than what's effective. If produced in different European countries. In a variety of ways your process has an activity such as "submit proposal" or and meanings, these are all instruments intended to define or "make cold call," then that's just what your people will do. No distinguish who is in from who is out, separating the participants matter that the calls were to the wrong customer or went from the ostracized. It is for this reason that manuals of "good nowhere. No matter that the proposal wasn't submitted at the manners" addressed to the aristocracy always have a negative right point in the buying decision or contained inappropriate reference to the peasant who behaves badly, who "doesn't information. The process asked for activity, and activity was know" what the rules are, and for this reason is excluded from what it got. Salespeople have done what was asked for. the lordly table. Food etiquette had become a sign of social "Garbage in, garbage out" they will delight in telling you. "It's barriers and of the impossibility of breaking them down. not our problem, it's this dumb process." . aristocrat귀족 ostracize추방하다 O In seeking results, compensation is the key to quality. O table manners as a marker for class distinction 2 Salespeople should join in a $dccisi0n-making$ process. 2 publications to bring about equality between classes 3 Shared understanding does not always result in success. 3 unintended effects of distinguishing insiders from outsiders O Activities drawn from false information produce failure. O attempts to elaborate food etiquette for educational purposes 5 Processes focused on activities end up being ineffective. 5 roles of manners in uniting people from different backgrounds 24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] 22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? Racial and ethnic relations in the United States are better The $Mcn5-151$ century is the age of information and today than in the past, but many changes are needed before knowledge. It is a century that is characterized by knowledge as sports are a model of inclusion and fairness. The challenges the important resource that gains competitive advantage for today are different from the ones faced twenty years ago, and companies. To acquire all these knowledge and information, experience shows that when current challenges are met, a new organizations must rely on the data that they store. Data, the social situation is created in which new challenges emerge. basic element, is gathered daily from different input sources. For example, once racial and ethnic segregation is eliminated Information is extracted or learned from these sources of data, and people come together, they must learn to live, work, and and this captured information is then transformed into knowledge play with each other despite diverse experiences and cultural that is eventually used to trigger actions or decisions. By and perspectives. Meeting this challenge requires a commitment to large, organizations do not have any problem of not having equal treatment, plus learning about the perspectives of others, enough data because most organizations are rich with data. The understanding how they define and give meaning to the world, problem however is that many organizations are poor in and then determining how to form and maintain relationships information and knowledge. This fact translates into one of the while respecting differences, making compromises, and biggest challenges faced by $Organixai0nS$ how to transform raw supporting one another in the pursuit of goals that may not data into information and eventually into knowledge, which if always be shared. None of this is easy, and challenges are exploited correctly provides the capabilities to predict customers' never met once and for all time. behaviour and business trends. . segregation분리 ① 고객의 특성은 기업의 데이터 처리 과정에서 주요 고려 사항이다. $On-g0in$ Challenges in $SDOF1s$ Racial and Ethnic Issues ② 성공하는 기업은 사실에 기반한 판단을 통해 위기를 극복한다. 2 Racial and Ethnic Injustice $inSDOFs$ Cause and Effect ③ 기업 경쟁력은 데이터를 정보와 지식으로 변환하는 능력에서 나온다. 3 The History of Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Sports ④ 지식 정보화 시대에는 기초 데이터 확보의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 4 All for One, One for $A|:ThG$ Power of Team Sports ⑤ 데이터의 가치는 그것이 가지는 잠재적 수익성에 의해 결정된다. 5 Cooperation Lies at the Heart of Sportsmanship $3$ $8\right)$

$+3\right)$ 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 33. Habits generally speaking; that 21. It is the interplay between rules and randomness that will is their main recommendation. A dozen examples present determine outcomes. Since rules are deterministic, their themselves at once as piano playing, with its presence promotes regularity and thus the ability to predict intense concentration on each note, with consciousness outcomes. Randomness, on the other hand, imposes limits attending to the action of each muscle, and then practice, on our ability to predict. The interplay of rules and habit formation, and the ease and power of execution with randomness will result in something in between. When the the mind free to wander off in the moods suggested by the interaction is weak, rules tend to dominate and predictions music, or to busy itself with improvisations, flourishes and are accurate. For example, because the earth goes around the the artistic touches. Before true artistry can come, technique sun very obediently and fairly undisturbed by its must be relegated to habit. So it is with typewriting, driving environment, summer will happen at the expected time an automobile, etc. More fundamental than these, which are every year. When, however, the interaction is strong, largely skill habits, are the organic habits. One of the predictions are not to be trusted. For example, whether it is triumphs of pediatrics depends upon the realization that the going to rain at a given place on a summer day depends baby's welfare hangs on regular habits of feeding, that he is greatly on the environmental conditions, which change not to be fed except at stated intervals; as a result processes greatly from day to day. As a result, one cannot be of digestion are set going in a regular, harmonious manner. confident that rain will fall at a given place on a given day. In other words, through these processes the mother's time is This is why natural phenomena may repeat themselves but economized and the strain of nursing is lessened. [3] [3점] * flourish화려한 악구 ** relegate격하시키다 1 they won't in this summer O can be changed with a lot of effort 2 still have predictable results 2 are economical of thought and energy 3 not exactly in the same way 3 are the sole control tower of our mind 4 not with the strong interactions O are an accumulation of endless improvised actions 5 with just a little impact on earth 5 can strengthen our concentration and consciousness 34. People are most comfortable when they have a sense of 32. The conventional wisdom is that while "craft" can be control over their lives. We need to believe that we live in taught, "art" remains a magical gift bestowed only by the a world where the good are rewarded and the bad are gods. Not so. In large measure, becoming an artist consists punished, and this contributes significantly to our sense that of learning to accept yourself, which makes your work it is possible to predict, guide, and ultimately control events. personal, and following your own voice, which makes your This $4Ias\left(-M0r|a$ hypothesis" is a tendency to believe that work distinctive. Clearly, these qualities can be nurtured by "people get what they deserve." But this is a dangerous others. Even talent is rarely distinguishable, over the long misconception that places undue importance on the supposed run, from perseverance and lots of hard work. It's true that character traits of the people involved rather than on the every few years we authors encounter some beginning actual facts of a situation. If someone is suffering or being photography student whose $ir5\left(-5cmcs\left(c1$ prints appear as punished, we find it easier to believe that that person must finely crafted as the great landscape photographer Ansel have done something to deserve such treatment. The Adams might have made. And it's true that a natural gift $ll1s1-\right)\sqrt{0r} |0$ theory becomes a comforting rationalization of like that (especially coming at the fragile early learning seemingly inexplicable events, and stops the world from stage) returns priceless encouragement to its maker. But all appearing chaotic or random. It also allows people to believe that has nothing to do with artistic content. Rather, it simply that as long as they are "good," only "good'" things will points up the fact that even Ansel happen to them, generating [3점] Adams was no exception. [3 * inexplicable설명할 수 없는 O artistic works are superior to practical works 1 a false sense of safety and control 2 such enthusiasm enables us to value criticism (2 the pressure of following the crowd (3 most of us had to work years to perfect our art 3 $sin\left(a1ion-bascd$ behavioral assessments (4) young artists should find their distinctive taste O the debate about crime and punishment 5 we had to give in to the limits of our artistic ability 6 the problem of social injustice and inequality 6. $9$

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$g$ $g$ 역 공동 $6$ $-$ 공통 영어 $4$ $7$ $\left(11-12146$ $24+4xny$ 격절한 것을 고로시오. 11. Skepticism as a method of doubt that demands evidence and reasons for hypotheses, is essential to the process of scientific rescarch, philosophical dialogue, and critical intelligence. It is 13-14] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. also vital in ordinary life, wbere the demands of common sense are always a challenge to us to 13. So slow and painful is the process of mastering a techniqoe, whether of handicraftamanhip develop and act upon the most reliable hypotheses and beliefs available. It is the foe of absolute or of art, so imbued are we with the need of education for the acquirement of knowledge, thue certainty and dogmatic finality. It appreciates the snares and pitfalls of all kinds of huuman we are taken aback by the realization that all around us are creatures camytng on the most knowledge and the importance of the principles of fallibilism and probabilism in regard to the elaborate technique, going through the most complicated procedures and apparently possessed df degrees of certainty of our knowledge. This differs sharply from the skepticisms of old, and it the surest knowledge without the possability of teaching. The fight of birds, the obstetric nd can contribute substantially to the advancement of human knowledge and the moral progress of mursing procedures of all animals, and especially the complicated nd systematized labors of humankind. It has important implications for our knowledge of the universe and our moral and bees, ants and other insects, have aroused the wonder, admiration and awe of scientists, The social life. Skepticism in this sense provides a positive and constructive framework that can female insect lays its eggs, the male insect fertilizes them, the progeny go through the states of assist us in interpreting the cosmos in which we live and in achieving some wisdom in conduct. evolution leading to adult ife without teaching and without the possibility of previous experience. Since the parent never sees the progeny, and the progemy assume various shapes ① significance of skepticism for the advancement of human knowledge and conduct. and have very varied capacities at these times, there can be no ponsible teaching of what is .mboe 불어다 obstetric 출산의 progeny: 자손 ② weaknesses of skepticism in the context of artificial knowledge and behavior remarkably skilful and marvelously adapted conduct. ③ importance of old skeptical inquiries in studying logical reasoning ① Evolution: A Process Going on $r$ 4 differences between modified skepticism and scientific reasoning ② Wonder of Knowing Without Being Tanght ⑤ ways to distinguish between different forms of skepticism ③ Nature: The True Teacher of Human Beings ④ Superiority of Human $logsooa0$ $Anc$ $o$ $ac\pi a01x$ $wayds$ Survival ⑤ Teaching and Learning: 12. Explorations of the nature of thought, like the rest of psychology, began life in the philosopher's armchair. The study of thought processes, however, took longer than many other areas of psychology to pull loose from philosophy. Because of the elusive, private, intensely personal nature of thought, on the one hand, and because of its relation to "truth," "knowledge," 14. A feeling of calm is regulated in part by a pathway of the autonomic nervous system called and "judgment," on the other, philosophers have been reluctant to part with this province of the the smart vagrus When you're foeling stressed, your primitive brain wants to kick in-and when study, and they have not entirely given it up today. Nevertheless, the study of thinking has the primitive brain is in charge, it tends to make decisions that are bad news for relationship moved out of the philosopher's library and into the laboratory-out of the philosopher's head and When you have strong relationships, the smart vagus can modulate the stress response an into the scientist's. Thought was introduced to the laboratory at the beginning of the twentieth keep the primitive brain from taking over. You're healthicr, can think more clearly, and you' century, Before that time, the psychology of thinking was strictly the philosopher's provinoce, and more likely to solve problems through creative thinking instead of exploding in anger or runni. so its history is studded with names of the great and near great, especially in the centuries away. But when you're isolated from other people, your smart vagus can suffer from w during which empirical philosophy fourished in Great Britain. neuroscientists call poor tone. This means that your primitive brain is more likely to call . clusive: 파악하기 어려운 be studded with: ~로 산재해 있다 shots. In the short term, this leads to relationship problems, Over time, you can expect cha ① various approaches to the nature of thought in philosophy stress, illness, depression, and big-time iitability. ② harmonious coexistence between philosophy and psychology ① The Smart Vagus Brings Distraction to Your Mind ③ different views of philosophers and psychologists on thought ② Having Good Relationships: $ncPoa$ to Staying Calm O conversion of the study of thinking from philosophy to psychology ④ The Location of Our Emotion: Still a Mystery to Neuroscientists ⑤ characteristics of thinking processes revealed by moderm psychology O Understanding Ourselves $1nxoo8$ Primitive Hluman Behaviors ⑤ The Primitive Brain: The $M4o6a1a$ $d0$ Smart Vagus